What is commonly referred to as hot asphalt or penetration grade asphalt?

The term "hot asphalt" or "penetration grade asphalt" commonly refers to asphalt cement. Asphalt cement is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, primarily used in road construction and roofing. It has specific properties that allow it to bind together aggregates when heated, creating a durable and flexible surface for roads.

Penetration grading refers to the measurement of the hardness or consistency of the asphalt based on how far a standard needle penetrates into the asphalt under specified conditions. This grading system helps engineers select the right type of asphalt cement for different climates and traffic loads.

Bitumen is a broader term that encompasses both asphalt cement and other forms of asphalt. Modified asphalt refers to asphalt that has been altered with additives to enhance its performance characteristics, while cutback asphalt is produced by dissolving asphalt cement in a solvent to improve workability at lower temperatures. However, neither of these specifically aligns with the terminology of "hot asphalt" or "penetration grade asphalt" in the same way asphalt cement does.